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INTRODUCTION
Mark Twain, writer, humorist, satirist, publicist, is one of the brightest representatives of American life and American culture. William Faulkner wrote that he was "the first truly American writer, and we have all been his successors ever since." Ernest Hemingway's famous statement that all American literature came from one great book - "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Twain - indicates the outstanding place of this writer in the American tradition [1].
The theme of childhood, one of the key themes of Mark Twain's work, is born from the depth of his nostalgic experiences. At the second stage of his work, Mark Twain begins to rethink the theoretical principles of American democracy. He is already experiencing moods of vague anxiety and the need to reassess values. He looks back more and more often, trying to find his life ideal not in the future, but in the past. In his works, sadness for the youth lost forever, his youth and that of the whole country, youthful illusions dispelled by life. Turning to the topic of childhood, Mark Twain expressed the mood of his era. Childhood grief was characteristic of postwar America, which had just transitioned from the "golden" to the "gilded" century. The tendency to idealize the "patriarchal" America of the pre-war period was born from the comparison of the present with the past, which was presented to the Americans of the 70s in a halo of illusions [4].
M. Twain described childhood as it is, unlike other writers, on whose pages children were ideal, which did not correspond to reality. literature, realism, American Twain, a child, a hero
Mark Twain's work was studied by well-known researchers M.O. Mendelson, M.N. Bobrova, A.I. Startsev This is what M.O. said about him. Mendelssohn: "He is great because he is a completely national writer, he is of great importance for his country, and his contribution to literature, I believe, is absolutely priceless" [5].
The story "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is relevant even in our time, since the author raises the issue of the relationship between parents and children, which is not resolved in our time, on the pages of his works.
The relevance of the study is associated with the use of the mythopoetic method of analyzing literary texts, which is productively developing in modern domestic literary criticism. The mythopoetic method of research is aimed at identifying the archetypal plot, the mythological and ritual subtext of the work. Mythopoetics studies the ways of artistic development and transformation of myth, mythological images and motifs, considers various principles for introducing archaic-mythological elements into the text, their functioning in the work of various artists.
The purpose of the work is to study the theme of childhood in Mark Twain's work using the example of his story "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer".
The tasks are determined by the purpose of the work:
1) analyze the main characteristics of the literature of the era of realism;
2) determine the features of American realist literature;
3) determine the main features of the child's perception of the world using the example of the image of Tom Sawyer.
The object of the study is the development of the theme of childhood in Mark Twain's story "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer".
The subject of the study is the image of Tom Sawyer as a typical representative of the children's world in Mark Twain's story "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer".
Research methods - contextual analysis of the main character's characteristics.
The practical significance of the work is revealed in the fact that the research results can be applied in the study of world literature both for oneself and for future experience, as well as in writing coursework in the literary direction.
Structure of work. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusions and a list of used literature.
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