Зразок роботи
1. 4. Classifications of phraseologisms in modern English
Phraseology as an independent linguistic discipline stood out in the 40s of XX century. Attempts to define the term "phraseology" and "phraseological units" were made in the research of OV Potebny, II Sreznevsky, OO Shakhmatov and FP Fortunatov. The linguistic works of the Swiss linguist Charles Balli also had a special influence on the development of phraseology. However, in Western European and American linguistics, phraseology has not yet been established as a separate branch of linguistics. The question of studying stable combinations of words in a special section of linguistics - phraseology was raised in the Soviet, educational and methodological literature of the 20-40s of the twentieth century in the works of SI Abakumov, LA Bulakhovsky, ED Polivanov. The study of phraseology, its tasks, research methods and classifications of its structural units was stimulated by the lexicographic practice of VV Vinogradov. In his works the questions of the basic concepts of phraseology, its tasks and volume were considered.[21,p.11-42.]
Thus, we have reason to believe that the classification of phraseological units is appropriate. Classification (Latin classis - class and facio - do) - a system of distribution of objects in groups according to predefined characteristics. One of the priority tasks of phraseology is to create classifications of phraseology using different principles of analysis. She deals with issues related to the methods of studying phraseology, classifications and the principles of acquiring new meanings. [19, p. 25], [20, p. 50]
In linguistics, there are different classifications of phraseological units - at the semantic, grammatical, morphological, functional and syntactic, historical levels. The semantic classification proposed by V.V Vinogradov is one of the classifications that has gained wide recognition. It considers phraseological units in terms of the correlation of the connection of their constituent parts and the motivation of the meaning of the whole expression with the meaning of its individual components.
Phraseology is known to be the result of a free combination of words used figuratively. Over time, the original value is lost, and the combination becomes stable. Depending on how pronounced the figurative meaning of the components of phraseology, the scientist divides them into three types:
1. phraseological fusions;
2. phraseological unities;
3. phraseological collocations
2.3. Structural and semantic analysis of phraseological units to denote beauty
Based on the definition of a phraseological unit and its main characteristics, the object of our study - phraseological units of the lexical-semantic group "Beauty", we define as phraseologies that have a common meaning and have a common invariant feature and differential characteristics.
From the middle of the twentieth century. in linguistics there is a growing awareness of the dual nature of structural and semantic characteristics of language units, which necessitated the consideration of structural and semantic characteristics of phraseology in the relationship. [21, p. 11]
For a more detailed study of the semantic features of phraseology to denote beauty, we consider their denotative meaning.
Phraseological units of the group "Beauty" can be divided into the following semantic groups according to the phenomena they denote and shades of meaning: physical beauty, inner beauty, beauty of nature, beauty of clothes, artificial beauty, jewelry, ideal of beauty, beautiful woman / girl, good man / boy , jewelry, youthful beauty, unattractiveness, untidy appearance, good concessions, invisibility, subterfuge, fatal beauty, beautiful figure, beautiful voice, good couple, hereditary beauty and fluidity of beauty.
Consider each of the groups in more detail.
1. Physical beauty, for example: pretty as a picture - "beautiful, as if from a picture" [LDOCE], a head turner - "beautiful girl" [LDOCE], a looker - "beautiful" [CIDI] or the belle of the ball - "the most beautiful girl at the party" [CIDI] and so on.
2. Inner beauty, for example: not just a pretty face - "not only good appearance" [ODEI], beauty is more than skin deep - "beautiful not only good appearance" [ODEI].
3. The beauty of nature, for example: out of this world - "unrealistically beautiful" [ODEI], beyond belief - "so beautiful that it's hard to believe" [MWALED], God's own creation - "much more beautiful than you can imagine" [MGHDOAIAPV]
4. The beauty of clothes, for example: to be dressed up to the nines - "cuddle up" [CIDI], your best bib and tucker - "your best outfit" [CIDI], in your glad rags - "in the best outfit" [ODEI] .
5. Artificial beauty, for example: all fur coat and no knickers - "image of inspired elegance" [MGHDOAIAPV].
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