Variants of languages spoken in Scotland. Scottish English. (ID:149433)
Зміст
CONTENTS
Introduction……………………..……………………………..…….…....……….. 5
Chapter I. Definitions and Terminology.…………………...…….…....….…….. 7
1.1. Accent and Dialect …………………………………...………..……………… 7
1.2. Standard English …………………….....…………………………….………. 8
1.3. Standard Scottish English …………………………………….………...……. 9
Chapter II. Variants of languages spoken in Scotland........................................ 10
2.1. Historical outline …………………………..………….….……………........... 10
2.2. Sociolinguistic Features ………………………………………………………. 12
2.3. Celtic languages in Scotland …………………….……………………………. 13
2.4. Germanic languages in Scotland ……………………………………………… 15
Chapter III. Scottish English……………………………………………………. 19
3.1. Varieties of Scottish English …………………………………………........... 19
3.2. Standard Scottish English overview ………........…………………………….. 21
3.2.1. Scotticisms …………………………………………………………….. 22
3.2.2. Grammar and Vocabulary……………………………………………… 22
3.3. Highland English overview .……………………...………..……....…….. 27
3.3.1. Grammar……………………………………………………………..... 28
3.3.2. Vocabulary and idioms……………………………………………… 30
3.3.3. Literary usage………………………………………………………… 31
Chapter IV. Practical Applications: Research of Modern Phonology of Scottish English……..………………………………............… 32
4.1. General Standard Scottish English Phonology Features…………..…........... 32
4.1.1. Vowels and Diphthongs………………………….…………………. 34
4.1.2. Consonants……………………………………………………………. 36
4.1.3. Stress………………………………………………………………..… 37
4.2. Regional variety of Standard Scottish English Phonology in Shetland……… 37
4.2.1. Vowel features of Shetland SSE………………………………………. 37
4.2.2. Consonant features of Shetland SSE………………………………….. 39
4.2.3. Shetland Accent Structure…………………………………………….. 40
4.3. Highland English Phonology features ………..………………………..……. 41
Conclusions…………………………………………………………..….….....….. 43
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………… 45
Appendixes ……………………………………………………………...………. 49
Appendix 1. List of Phonetic Symbols and Signs………………………………… 49
Appendix 2. Standard Lexical Sets……………………..…………………............ 52
Appendix 3. History of Languages: English and Scots ……………….…………. 53
Appendix 4. Scotland regions map ……………………………………………… 54
Appendix 5. Scotland historical language division ………………………………. 55
Appendix 6. A list of Scotticisms examples ……………………………………… 56
Appendix 7. A list of words that appear in Highland English ……………………. 57
Appendix 8. Scottish English vowel monophthongs and the SSE system (table) of vowel phonemes and major allophones………………………… 58
Appendix 9. The SSE vowel system for monophthongal rhotic contexts compared to SSBE………………………………………………….. 59
Appendix 10. Consonants produced in Scottish English…………………………. 60
Зразок роботи
Introduction
This Course paper contains main aspects of variants of languages spoken in Scotland. The aim of this work is to investigate the mutual historical and cultural development of languages and dialects spoken in Scotland, their influence on Scottish English development and practice. The main focus of this work is Scottish English and its varieties.
The scientific novelty of the Course paper lies in the multi-dimensional complex historical, social and linguistic analyses of languages spoken in Scotland with the main stress on Scottish English modern development.
The practical importance of the work is in the opportunity to apply the material to the English teaching process at the university: to study Scottish English at practical English classes, at lectures and courses. The findings of the Course paper can support further scientific researches in this area.
The objective of the Course paper is languages and dialects spoken in Scotland, their influence on Scottish English development and practice.
According to the objective the following tasks are set:
1) to represent relevant linguistic Definitions and Terminology;
2) to analyze all variants of languages spoken in Scotland;
3) to research actual varieties of Scottish English;
4) to analyze phonology of modern Scottish English within practical research of Standard Scottish English and Highland English Phonology Features.
Subject of investigation is the modern Scottish English Features.
The structure of the work is done in accordance with the general conceptual framework adopted. Introduction contains the scientific novelty, the practical value, the objective and tasks of the research.
Chapter I of the paper represents Definitions and Terminology approaches. Chapter II presents variants of Languages spoken in Scotland. Chapter III presents Scottish English broad linguistic analysis. Chapter IV presents analysis of the phonology of modern Scottish English within the practical research of Standard Scottish English and Highland English Phonology Features.
Thus, first three chapters are devoted to theoretical issues which are necessary for understanding of the linguistic situation of Scotland, namely to defining key terms accent, dialect, and Standard English; to historical background of Scottish Standard English; to grammar and vocabulary of Scottish English; and to sociolinguistic features influencing the language.
The forth chapter is devoted to the practical phonology research of Scottish English.
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